Sudan has been plagued by intermittent civil wars. To the west, conflict in Darfur since 2003 has caused widespread death and displacement. To the south, a 2005 peace agreement prefaced South Sudan’s 2011 secession, but conflict continues between the government and armed groups in the South Kordofan and Blue Nile regions (the “Two Areas”). In 2019, Sudan began transitioning to democratic civilian rule after a military coup d’état.

Yemen continues to be devastated by fighting between government loyalists and Houthi rebels sparked by the 2011 uprising that transferred power from former President Ali Abdullah Saleh to Abd Rabbuh Mansour Hadi. Ethnic Houthi rebels from northern Yemen exploited the central government’s weak influence and seized Sanaa in 2014. South Yemen’s separatist militias continue their violent push for secession.

Nepal

Papua New Guinea

For forty years, armed conflict simmered between the government of the Philippines and various Moro rebel factions that sought to establish an independent Muslim-majority Mindanao Island, resulting in an estimated 100,000 deaths and 3.5 million people displaced.

Somalia

Lomé Peace Agreement

Overthrown in 2001 by a U.S.-led military campaign, the Taliban has since waged an insurgency against the internationally backed Afghan government, resulting in widespread displacement and destruction, including significant physical threats and restrictions for Afghan women.

Since Myanmar gained independence in 1948, various armed ethnic groups seeking greater autonomy from the government have fought the world’s longest-running civil war. Tens of thousands have been killed and hundreds of thousands displaced by ongoing sectarian violence between the Buddhist community and the persecuted Rohingya Muslim minority. 

Darfur